Metal levels in waste pickers in Brasilia, Brazil: hair and nail as exposure matrices

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to compare workplace conditions and metal exposures in 431 waste pickers who worked nearby at the Estrutural Dump in Brasilia utilizing hair (n = 310) and nail (n = 355) as matrices of exposure. Waste pickers were grouped according to their workplace (open waste dump: G1 and sorting plants: G2). Hair and nail samples were collected and analyzed using ICP-MS. The work duration in the facilities was significantly different between the groups with averages of 16.46 (8.48) yrs and 9.26 (6.28) yrs for hair donors in G1 and G2, and 15.92 (7.72) yrs and 8.55 (5.77) yrs for toenail donors in G1 and G2, respectively. The arithmetic means (mu g/g) of cadmium, copper, lead, and manganese in hair were significantly higher in G2 (0.076 +/- 0.133; 19.61 +/- 18.16; 2.27 +/- .56 and 3.87 +/- 5.59, respectively) compared to G1 (0.069 +/- 0.235; 15.72 +/- 15.18; 1.72 +/- 4.04 and 3.65 +/- 5.5, respectively). Concentrations of arsenic, barium, cadmium, copper, cobalt, lead, manganese, and molybdenum in nail were significantly higher in G2 (0.57 +/- 0.39; 22.74 +/- 42.06; 0.1 +/- 0.08; 22.7 +/- 51.60; 0.48 +/- 0.45; 4.69 +/- 9.43; 19.07 +/- 20.75; 1.80 +/- 1.76, respectively) compared to G1 (0.40 +/- 0.28; 15.32 +/- 22.31; 0.08 +/- 0.11; 11.91 +/- 16.25; 0.37 +/- 0.37; 3.94 +/- 15.04; 13.01 +/- 19.08; 1.16 +/- 1.80, respective. Our findings suggest that the studied population was exposed to toxic metals and indicates the need for chemical exposure prevention policies to monitor chemical risk exposures in waste pickers.