Effect of a mother-baby delivery pack on institutional deliveries: A community intervention trial to address maternal mortality in rural Zambia

Objectives To test the effect of providing additional health education during antenatal care (ANC) and a mother-baby delivery pack on institutional deliveries in Monze, Zambia. Setting 16 primary health facilities conducting deliveries in the district. Participant A total of 5000 pregnant women at any gestation and age attending antenatal care (ANC) services in selected health facilities were eligible for enrolment into the study. Out of these, 4,500 (90%) were enrolled into and completed the study. A total of 3,882 (77.6%) were included in the analysis; 12.4% were not included in the analysis due to incomplete data. Intervention A three-year study (2012 to 2014) analysing baseline delivery data for 2012 and 2013 followed by a community intervention trial was conducted from January to December 2014. Health facilities on the western side were assigned to the intervention arm; those on the eastern side were in the control. In addition to the health education provided during routine ANC visits, participants in the intervention arm received health education and a mother-baby delivery pack when they arrived at the health facility for delivery. Participants in the control arm continued with routine ANC services. Outcome measures The primary measure was the number of institutional deliveries in both arms over the one-year period. Secondary measures were utilisation of ANC, post-natal care (PNC) and under-five clinic services. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, proportions, means and standard deviation) were computed to summarise participant characteristics. Chi-square and Independent T-tests were used to make comparisons between the two arms. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the effect of the intervention after one year (p-value<0.05). Analysis was conducted using R-studio statistical software version 4.2.1. The p-value<0.05 was considered significant. Results Analysis showed a 15.9% increase in the number of institutional deliveries and a significant difference in the mean number of deliveries between intervention and control arms after one year (F(1,46) = 18.85, p<0.001). Post hoc analysis showed a significant difference in the mean number of deliveries between the intervention and control arms for 2014 (p<0.001). Compared to the control arm, participants in the intervention arm returned earlier for PNC clinic visit, brought their children back and started the under-five clinic visits earlier. Conclusion These findings provide evidence for the effectiveness of the mother-baby delivery pack and additional health education sessions on increasing institutional deliveries, PNC and under-five children's clinic utilisation in rural Zambia. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry (ISRCTN15439813 DOI 10.1186/ISRCTN15439813); Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR202212611709509).