A comprehensive survey on communication techniques for the realization of intelligent transportation systems in IoT based smart cities

Traffic has been on the rise since the past decade that pose threats to driving safety and traffic efficiency. Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) evolved as an alternative solution to ensure traffic efficiency, safety and provides comfort to the commuters on roads. In traditional transportation systems, there exist problems related to safety, traffic management, congestion, routing, road infrastructure management, emergency response, communication, and security which can be solved by ITS. From the existing literature, it is evident that several classes of applications pertaining to safety, surveillance, traffic management, weather/pollution monitoring, disaster management in ITS will create an incredible experience to the commuters and the drivers. ITS engulfs applications pertaining to monitor road surfaces incisively and to recognize risks to alleviate unsafe environments and perilous accidents by means of wireless communications. This provides a motivation in this paper to review distinct types of various research works pertaining to applications of Intelligent Transportation Systems which address the problem of traffic congestion, safety and efficiency in modern ITS. Various applications, communication techniques and security are summarized, analyzed and compared with the existing works using various performance metrics. Moreover, an in-depth survey is carried out to provide insights to bridge the gaps and directions for future researchers. Further, in this paper, the case studies related to ITS have been discussed to identify how the paradigm shift will take us to the design of the future transportation systems.