Distributed robust dispatch for the coordination of transmission and distribution systems considering air conditioning loads

The coordinated operation of the transmission system (TS) and connected distribution systems (DSs) is momentous for handling the increased penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs). This paper presents a distributed dispatch framework for the collaborative yet independent operations of TS and DSs. Only two kinds of boundary coupling variables, active power and reserve capacity, are exchanged to implement the sharing of energy and reserve among different systems with the information privacy preserved. Then, a distributed robust energy and reserve dispatch approach is proposed, wherein the flexible resources in different systems are coordinated in the normal and uncertainty cases to enhance the overall economic efficiency and reliability. Apart from generation resources, air conditioning loads integrated by the aggregated virtual energy storage (AVES) model are incorporated. And the reserve model of AVES with the state-switch-feasibility constraints is developed to fully exploit the flexibility of air conditioning resources, which can be compatible with the optimal scheduling of existing systems. Case studies on three test systems verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.