Landscape composition shapes biomass, taxonomic and functional diversity of dung beetles within human-modified tropical rainforests

Habitat loss and land-use change in tropical forests have modified the composition and configuration of natural landscapes, driving biodiversity loss. Through studies covering different approaches to diversity and functional traits, a more holistic comprehension may be drawn regarding the effects of habitat transformation. In this study, we evaluated how the forest cover and landscape heterogeneity shape the taxonomic and functional diversity and biomass of dung beetles. Dung beetles were sampled in 16 landscape units of the "Los Tuxtlas" Biosphere Reserve (Mexico). We collected a total of 2396 individuals of 25 species in 14 genera. Taxonomic and functional diversity and biomass of dung beetles were positively related to the amount of primary forest and negatively related to increased landscape heterogeneity. These results indicate that tropical rainforests are highly sensitive to landscape transformation, which jeopardizes the different aspects of biodiversity. By showing the importance of evaluating different facets of biodiversity we conclude that implementing different landscape descriptors and different diversity components is a complementary and efficient approach to assessing the effects of landscape composition on dung beetles' assemblages in tropical rainforests.Implications for insect conservationLandscape composition plays a pivotal role in elucidating the various components that define the dung beetle community in tropical forests. Furthermore, it is of utmost significance to encompass a diverse array of biodiversity components, alongside species biomass, in order to comprehensively evaluate the impact of human-induced landscape transformation.