Impact of components number selection in truncated Gaussian mixture model and interval partition on wind speed probability distribution estimation

Owing to global environmental concerns in recent years, wind power has garnered significant attention as a clean and renewable energy source. The probability distribution of the wind speed plays a pivotal role in assessing the wind energy potential and power system operation. As a single Gaussian may be powerless in cap-turing features of real wind speed distributions owing to the randomness of wind speed, this study aimed to use a truncated Gaussian mixture (TGM) distribution with determined optimal Gaussian components number and suit-able interval partitions as a possible alternative model to estimate the wind speed probability distribution (WSPD). In particular, two expectation-maximization algorithms were employed to determine the parameters of the TGM models. Subsequently, the continuous ranked probability score loss theory related to TGM models with two arbitrary truncated points was developed and employed to detect the optimal number of Gaussian com-ponents in the TGM models, in addition to casually or empirically setting the number of Gaussian components. Subsequently, the WSPD is estimated using the detected optimal Gaussian component number and the corre-sponding parameter determination results. Considering that different interval partitions may result in diverse ac-curacy results, to enhance the flexibility of the above TGM models, another technique is designed using the False -Discovery-Rate-inspired algorithm. This algorithm performs well in the case of large-scale hypothesis tests and can determine the suitable interval partition number. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model were validated using real wind speed data collected from two stations: Haikou and Wulumuqi stations. Comparison of the different goodness-of -fit evaluations demonstrates that the estimation accuracy of WSPD of the proposed approach is comparable to those of the truncated Gaussian mixture distribution with arbitrary Gaussian component numbers and some other comparison models.