Green extraction techniques in green analytical chemistry: A 2019-2023 up-date

Green Analytical Chemistry guidelines mainly encourage the use of direct and portable methodologies to perform analytical determinations in various areas. However, this target is not possible in most cases, and it requires a sample pre-treatment. This additional step increases the number of stages of the method and the analysis cost, but also its environmental impact and risks to the operator. Therefore, the scientific community is currently focused on the development of novel green sample treatment methodologies. Thus, an update of the main novelties found in the literature about the development of green analysis methodologies for sample treatment has been carried out, highlighting those most promising and with high potential to be implemented in the labora-tories of the future. Moreover, special attention has been paid to the evaluation of the relevance and potential of AGREEprep, a greenmetric tool specifically dedicated to the estimation of greenness character of sample treat-ment methodologies.