The effect of bisphosphonate and platelet-rich plasma in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: an article review

ACL rupture is a common injury often resulting from previously healthy individuals' non-contact knee injuries. ACL rupture in young adults and teenagers are becoming more common, contrary to earlier theories that suggested ACL damage was uncommon in skeletally immature people. This risk is significantly raised by concomitant meniscal injury whether or not an ACL reconstruction is undertaken. Although surgical management with allograft or autograft reconstruction can be achieved successfully, there are some serious complications following ACL reconstruction. The supply of autografts is limited, especially in situations with numerous ligament injuries or re-ruptures, which might result in morbidity at the donor site. Allografts can increase the spread of illness and trigger an inflammatory response, which is a drawback. There has been much interest in a tissue-engineered ACL graft because of these issues and current developments in bioengineering and regenerative medicine. According to recent research, following an ACL repair, the bone marrow density surrounding the knee area diminishes. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Bisphosphonate are the substrates that could ameliorate this phenomenon. Therefore, this review aims to compile evidence of PRP and bisphosphonate and its effect on the tendon-bone interface in ACL reconstruction.