Identification of the most suitable probability distributions for ultimate strength of FRP-strengthened X-shaped tubular joints under axial loads

This paper focuses on identifying the most appropriate probability distributions for characterizing the ultimate strength of FRP-strengthened X-shaped tubular joints under axial loads. The study begins by verifying the ac-curacy of finite element (FE) models through a comparison with experimental results. Subsequently, 218 FE nonlinear static analyses are conducted to generate two reliable datasets for strength ratios. To determine the most suitable probability distribution models, 16 different distributions are fitted to the data, and their accuracy is evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Chi-squared goodness-of-fit tests. The findings reveal that the Generalized Extreme Value distribution provides the best fit for describing the ultimate strength under compressive axial load, while the Burr distribution is identified as the most suitable model for tensile axial load. The analysis of probability differences revealed that the proposed probability distribution models for compres-sive and tensile loads exhibit minimal disparities, with a slight difference of 5.24% and 4.80%, respectively. The identified probability distribution models enhance the reliability and confidence in predicting the behavior and performance of these joints, contributing valuable insights to the field of structural engineering.