An integrated perspective on individual and team resilience: Moving from multilevel structure to cross-level effects

We address the interrelatedness of resilience across levels by proposing a series of cross-level effects between individual and team resilience. First, we present a homologous model of resilience including four core components that transcend levels of analysis: (1) the occurrence of adversity, (2) the capacity for resilience (3) the enactment of resilience, and (4) the demonstration of resilience. Second, building on a multilevel perspective and existing theory (e.g., conservation of resources and role theory), we present five foundational principles for understanding cross-level resilience effects: (1) resilience components are interrelated across levels; (2) resilience capacity resources are finite and subject to depletion; (3) resources can be derived from and applied to individual or team levels; (4) effectively enacting resilience requires alignment between resources and situational demands; and (5) resilience processes can conflict across levels. Finally, we present a series of propositions that elucidate potential cross-level effects between components of individual and team resilience, including those with positive, null, and negative consequences. This work advances the resilience literature by offering an integrated, cross-level perspective concerning the ways in which individual and team resilience are likely interrelated.