Based on the background of rural strategy, this paper combines the theories related to supply-side and supply-side structural reform at home and abroad, and dovetails the target contents of agricultural supply-side structure and rural revitalization strategy. Using survey data to analyse the current situation of agricultural supply-side structural reform, summarize the positive achievements of agricultural supply-side structural reform in recent years, and analyse the problems it faces in the process of agricultural supply-side structural reform. Through an in-depth analysis of the current situation of agricultural supply-side structure, we analyse the reasons for promoting agricultural supply-side structural reform and the new situation and contradictions faced and identify the cruxes that restrict the comprehensive efficiency of agriculture and competitiveness of agricultural products. The super-efficient DEA model is used to quantify the financial resource allocation to study the impact efficiency of agricultural supply-side structural reform capacity. This study uses the comparative advantage analysis method to systematically study the production efficiency and farm household income of food crops, and the comprehensive comparative advantage index method is introduced when constructing the comparative advantage analysis index system to derive agricultural products with comparative advantage. The Gray correlation analysis method was used to analyse the degree of influence of agricultural products, major technical means, and institutional measures on the total output value of the plantation industry in the structure of the plantation industry respectively. The original hypothesis was rejected by conducting a Hausman test on the panel data using Eviewsll software. In the empirical analysis, factor analysis was conducted on the index data of agricultural by-products production with the help of the spss tool to derive the index of agricultural by-products industry development. The article provides a strong institutional guarantee to improve the quality of agricultural development and competitiveness of agricultural products, to explore a new road of modern agricultural development with reasonable layout, optimized structure, high quality and efficiency, green health, and openness and sharing for agricultural development. Accelerating the supply-side structural reform of agriculture has become the general keynote of China's agricultural and rural work for the current and future period, and is of great practical significance for maximizing the comprehensive benefits of agriculture, promoting farmers' income, and developing green and sustainable agriculture.