Altered Quality of Life in Patients with Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Review

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMD's) represents a cluster of disorders that include the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and also the masticatory apparatus. Any alteration in its function will have an impact on the overall function of the masticatory apparatus and in turn the stomatognathic system. Though the aetiology, symptoms, and treatment modalities for TMD's have been extensively studied, they remain a subject of prime concern for clinicians as it not only affects the form and function but also negatively affects the overall standard of living of the patient. Symptoms of TMD's such as chronic pain, restriction of function, and psychological effects lead to a lower Quality of Life (QoL) for the patient, which is caused due to various factors such as chronic pain, sleep deprivation, and stress or anxiety. Additionally, personal, professional, and social problems directly or indirectly affect the lifestyle of the patient. Some extra-craniofacial symptoms such as otologic and neurologic symptoms tend to worsen the situation. Majority of patients reporting to an orthodontist present with atleast one symptom of TMD that has affected their QoL. Various questionnaires can be used to assess the patient's QoL, and plan the treatment accordingly. Managing TMD's at an early stage while considering these factors and a multidisciplinary approach may help in improving the QoL of the patient.