Combining Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration to Obtain a Concentrated Extract of Purified Polyphenols from Wet Olive Pomace

Despite the environmental concerns raised every year by the generation of high volumes of wet olive pomace, it contains valuable phenolic compounds that are essential for the valorization of this by-product. In this work, an integrated process to recover phenolic compounds from wet olive pomace is proposed. It consists of ultrasound-assisted solid-liquid extraction, followed by ultrafiltration and nanofiltration. Several commercial membranes were studied at different operational conditions. The ultrafiltration stage allowed the purification of biophenols, which were obtained in the permeate stream. Regarding organic matter, satisfactory rejection values were obtained with both commercial UH030 and UP005 membranes (Microdyn Nadir), but the latter provided more efficient purification and higher values of permeate flux, above 18 L center dot h(-1)center dot m(-2) at 2.5 bar and 1.5 m center dot s(-1). Later, this permeate stream was concentrated by means of a nanofiltration process, obtaining polyphenol rejection values that surpassed 85% with the commercial NF270 membrane (DuPont), then achieving the concentration of the previously purified polyphenols.