Mortality of brain injury patients undergoing early and late tracheostomy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya

Introduction: Opinions regarding the best time to perform a tracheostomy are still being debated. In contrast, the outcomes regarding the installation of an early and late tracheostomy in patients with brain injury still require further study. This study aims to determine the prevalence of mortality in brain injury patients who underwent early tracheostomy and late tracheotomy at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya,in 2022-2023. Method: This research is an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional design using medical record data. The study sample included all patients with brain injuries who had undergone tracheostomy installation at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya,from January 2022-May 2023. Results: In this study, 159 patients underwent tracheostomy surgery at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya,from January 2022 to May 2023, with a mean patient age of 32.6 (+/- 18.6) years. It was found that the majority of patients with brain injuries who underwent tracheostomy had a severe degree of brain injury 26 (86.7%). In comparison, only 4 patients (13.3%) met the criteria for moderate brain injury. The outcome for most patients was death (63.3%), and only 11 patients (36.7%) were alive. Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and septic shock are the most common causes of mortality (31.6%). In addition, mortality in brain injury patients who underwent late tracheostomy was higher than early tracheostomy. Conclusion: The prevalence of mortality in brain injury patients undergoing late tracheostomy is higher than early tracheostomy, with the most common causes of mortality being MODS and septic shock.