A generative adversarial network-based framework for network-wide travel time reliability prediction

This paper introduces a generative model named the travel time reliability-generative adversarial network (TTRGAN) model for predicting network-wide TTR using automatic vehicle identification data. The TTR-GAN model is capable of generating predicted travel time samples, enabling the assessment of network-wide TTR without the need to assume a specific travel time distribution. In the TTR-GAN model, a combination of graph convolutional networks and long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks is employed within the GAN framework. When training the TTR-GAN model, special attention is given to adjusting the mean and standard deviation of the generated samples, aiming for a closer resemblance to real samples. Experiments conducted on a road network in China demonstrate the predictive capability of the proposed TTR-GAN model, surpassing several benchmark models such as the LSTM neural network, moving average model, and GAN model in terms of statistical, buffer time, and probability distribution measures. By incorporating the mean and standard deviation into the loss function, the TTR-GAN model achieves an 18.2% reduction in Jensen-Shannon divergence between predicted and real samples. Furthermore, the model's performance in real-world applications is illustrated through a sensitivity test.