Optimal electrical, heating, cooling, and water management of integrated multi-energy systems considering demand-side management

This paper presents an economic-environmental scheme for the integrated-multi-energy system to integrate the electrical, water, thermal, and cooling sections to increase the efficiency and synergy of the modern distribution grids. The industrial desalination units have been considered to provide the required potable water of customers from the brackish water. Since the energy consumption of these units for water desalination is high, the IMES operator prefers to use groundwater resources. Climate changes, drought, dust phenomenon, landslides, destruction of wetlands and lakes, and lack of adequate water and food supply for the future are the main problems of overuse of groundwater resources. Therefore, we propose a multi-objective decision-making scheme to minimize the total operating costs and groundwater usage simultaneously. Besides, thermal and electrical demand-side management has been used alongside dispatchable, and energy storage systems to cope intermittent behaviour of renewable generation. The proposed multi-objective decision-making framework has been applied on a general system and the optimal Pareto solutions have been ranked by the multi-attribute decision-making and TOPSIS methods. The optimization results make it evident that the proposed model is able to reduce the amount of groundwater extraction by 26.8% with only a 1.12% increase in operating cost.