Citizens' willingness to pay for adaptive municipal solid waste management services in Jakarta, Indonesia

The capability of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) services and the system's sustainability are significant challenge in developing cities like Jakarta. MSWM provides a comprehensive, adaptive capacity framework for addressing problems in resource-constrained developing nations where poor assets, flexibility, social organization, learning, and agency have no adaptive means of regaining them. This paper aim to conduct an evaluation framework under adaptive MSWM, estimates citizens' preferences heterogeneity and, evaluates willingness-to-pay (WTP) under hypothetical scenarios of future adaptive MSWM retribution. The findings indicate that adaptive MSWM services substantially impact the decision to expand their environment. In addition, citizens who supported the adaptive MSWM services tended to have a higher income than the minimum wage, live outside of slums, are older than 39 years, and are aware of climate change and the current MSWM system and infrastructure. The findings imply that policymakers must enhance citizen MSWM awareness of climate change and infrastructure used to dealing with adaptability strategies. Finally, we establish three adaptive MSWM scenario for sustainable services with the optimization of the MSWM system and infrastructure, community-based MSWM, and smart MSWM system and infrastructure.