The practice of nature-based solutions in China: Ecosystem product value realization

Nature-based Solutions are crucial means for conserving biodiversity, addressing climate change, and undertaking ecological restoration. Currently, there are relatively limited global-scale practical cases of Nature-based Solutions, necessitating the expansion and application of theories based on natural approaches. This paper provides an overview of the Chinese government's understanding and implementation of Nature-based Solutions, comparing the differences and simi-larities between the Chinese government's practice of Ecosystem Product Value Realization and Nature-based So-lutions in terms of goals, frameworks, implementation, and assessment. The results indicate that China's Ecosystem Product Value Realization is essentially a localized practice of Nature-based Solutions, and their philosophies and models are highly compatible, representing effective actions for sus-tainable management and natural restoration. China's Ecosystem Product Value Realization can effectively and adaptively address societal challenges while providing benefits for both human well-being and biodiversity.