A comparative study on the radioluminescence properties of Ce-doped SrAl2O4 single crystal and translucent ceramic was performed. The transmittance of the synthesized ceramic is 20-30% in the visible region. Both samples exhibit photo-and radioluminescence with a broad emission peaking at 380 nm. The decay curves are fitted by a single exponential decay function with decay time constants of 30-50 ns, consistent with the typical value of the emission for the 5d-4f transitions of Ce3+. From the pulse height spectra measured under 241Am gamma-ray (59.5 keV) irradiation, the scintillation light yields are 17000 ph/MeV for the single crystal and 6100 ph/ MeV for the synthesized ceramic. The scintillation light yield and afterglow of the present samples show a negative correlation.