Design and Experimental Studies on a Single Slope Solar Still for Water Desalination

Gulf countries experience an imbalance between water supply and demand, which leads to a dramatic decline in the amount of groundwater. Solar energy for water desalination is an attractive option in this region, where the climate is sunny all year. A very basic solar device called a single basin solar still is commonly used to convert available seawater into drinkable water. The issue of producing drinking water may be resolved by using this technique, but because of its low productivity, it is rarely used. The experiments were carried out on a south-facing, single slope solar still with a 23-degree inclination of the condensing cover from October to November 2022, on different days for different water depths. According to the findings, the solar still with 4 cm of depth (as compared to 5, 6, and 7 cm) exhibited the maximum water productivity (2.680 L/day) with an efficiency of 30%. When the solar still was equipped with an external mirror, the temperature in the basin was raised, and water productivity increased to 3.075 L/day with an improved efficiency of 35%. Further, the effects of wind velocity, ambient temperature, inner glass temperature, and intensity of solar radiation on daily productivity have been studied.