Salvage peroral endoscopic myotomy is a promising treatment for achalasia after myotomy failure

Background and Aims: Reintervention modalities after myotomy failure in achalasia patients have yet to be established. The efficacy and safety of salvage peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for treatment of achalasia after myotomy failure were evaluated in the study. Methods: Between August 2011 and August 2021 at the Endoscopy Center of Zhongshan Hospital, 219 achalasia patients who had previously undergone a myotomy underwent a salvage POEM and were thus retrospectively enrolled in this study. After propensity score matching (PSM), operation-related parameters were compared between the salvage POEM group and the naive POEM group. Subgroup analysis was performed between patients with previous Heller myotomy (HM) and patients with previous POEM. Results: With similar baseline characteristics between both groups after PSM, the salvage POEM group presented with shorter tunnel length (11.8 +/- 2.2 cm vs 12.8 +/- .9 cm, P < .0001) and myotomy length (9.8 +/- 2.0 cm vs 10.4 +/- 1.0 cm, P < .0001) than the naive POEM group. No significant differences were found in procedure-related adverse events between patients of salvage POEM and naive POEM. The primary outcome of treatment success occurred in 175 of 193 patients (90.7%) in the salvage POEM group versus 362 of 374 patients (96.8%) in the naive POEM group (P = .0046). At a 2-and 5-year follow-up, significantly higher rates of clinical failures were observed in the previous HM subgroup than in the previous POEM subgroup (P = .0433 and P = .0230, respectively). Conclusions: Salvage POEM after a previous myotomy failure, especially after a POEM failure, is a promising treatment option because it has a durable clinical relief rate.