Ligand and structure-based discovery of phosphorus-containing compounds as potential metalloproteinase inhibitors

In this study, a methodology is proposed, combining ligand- and structure-based virtual screening tools, for the identification of phosphorus-containing compounds as inhibitors of zinc metalloproteases. First, we use Dragon molecular descriptors to develop a Linear Discriminant Analysis classification model, which is widely validated according to the OECD principles. This model is simple, robust, stable and has good discriminating power. Furthermore, it has a defined applicability domain and it is used for virtual screening of the DrugBank database. Second, docking experiments are carried out on the identified compounds that showed good binding energies to the enzyme thermolysin. Considering the potential toxicity of phosphorus-containing compounds, their toxicological profile is evaluated according to Protox II. Of the five molecules evaluated, two show carcinogenic and mutagenic potential at small LD50, not recommended as drugs, while three of them are classified as non-toxic, and could constitute a starting point for the development of new vasoactive metalloprotease inhibitor drugs. According to molecular dynamics simulation, two of them show stable interactions with the active site maintaining coordination with the metal. A high agreement is evident between QSAR, docking and molecular dynamics results, demonstrating the potentialities of the combination of these tools.