Evaluation of dental anomaly prevalence and types by cone beam computed tomography in a subgroup of Turkish population

Background: This study aimed to investigate the frequency and variation of dental malformations in a subgroup of the Turkish population. Methods: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken for various reasons were scanned retrospectively. The presence of dental anomaly, type of dental anomaly, subtype of dental anomaly, occurrence of pathology due to the dental anomaly, and type of pathology were recorded. Dental anomalies were divided into five subgroups, including anomalies in shape, number, structure, position, and size. Data analysis was performed with SPSS, and statistical significance was defined as a P value below 0.05. Results: The study utilized a dataset of 1942 images for analysis. Four hundred thirty-five dental anomalies were detected in 414 patients (21.3%), with at least one dental anomaly in each patient. The most common anomaly type was position anomalies (n = 271, 62.3%), and the least observed anomaly type was structural anomalies (n = 3, 0.7%). The most common dental anomaly subtype was impacted teeth (n = 214, 49.2%), and the least common were odontodysplasia, fusion/gemination, and accessory root (n = 1, 0.2%). Pathology due to dental anomaly was detected in 26 patients (6%), and the most common pathology was cystic lesion formation (n = 13, 3%). Conclusion: The prevalence and types of dental anomalies may differ between and within populations. The prevalence of dental anomaly was 21.3% in this study, and the most common type was position anomaly.