Springtime of global water resource——Discovery of continuous and efficient fog collection system

With a high reputation of extremely drought-tolerant,cactus Opuntia Microdasys originating from the Chihuahua Desert is recently discovered to possess an integrated fog collection system,capable of collecting water from fog continuously and efficiently to relieve aridity.This unique system is composed of the well-distributed clusters of spines and trichomes on the cactus stem,with each spine integrating three parts with different roles in the fog collection process:the tip with oriented conical barbs as fog depositing and collecting site;the middle with gradient grooves as transporting site;the base with belt-structured trichomes as absorbing site.The Laplace-pressure gradi-