两大法系中的行政法治与司法的作用

State and Bureaucracy have enormously expanded their power in particular in the 20 th century.Individuals depend more and more on civil servants who can decide on major issues with regard to existence and future of any individual.In order to limit the power of the administration to decide at the whim of the civil servants on the fate of individuals,the legislatures of states committed to the rule of law principles did introduce several tools to protect their citizens against the abuse of power of the administration.If one needs to know the content of the rule of law with regard to this power of the administration,one has to give an answer to the following questions:1.What are the roots of law and justice?2.What courts do to protect citizens against illegal or arbitrary actions of the executive and its administration?3.What are the remedies of individuals to challenge administrative activities before the court?4.What jurisdiction do courts have with regard to the protection of persons against the misuse of power by administrative authorities and what are the principle guidelines for administrative court decisions?5.What are the rights and duties of the parties with regard to the cout procedure?