人工智能教育应用的实然分析:教学自动化的方法与限度

被引:27
作者
张志祯
张玲玲
罗琼菱子
郑葳
机构
[1] 北京师范大学教育学部教育技术学院
关键词
人工智能教育应用; 教学自动化; 智能教学系统; 计算机教育应用; 交互主体; 媒体工具; 专家系统; 机器学习; CognitiveTutor; AutoTutor; Course Signals; WISE+c-Rator;
D O I
10.13541/j.cnki.chinade.2019.03.002
中图分类号
G434 [计算机化教学];
学科分类号
040110 ;
摘要
在设想与推进人工智能的大范围教育应用时,不仅应关注未来、可能与工程技术,还应关注历史、局限与教学过程。为此,本文采用文献综述、历史研究与案例研究方法,从教育教学过程与历史发展角度,而非技术开发、系统架构角度,分析了人工智能对于计算机教育应用的增强与扩展,从教育"应用"完整过程中的人机分工问题呈现人工智能到底"自动化"了什么以及如何"自动化"。利用舒尔曼的教学实践推理框架,以Cognitive Tutor和AutoTutor为例,分析了以专家系统为核心的智能辅导系统的自动化方法;按照实现与应用流程,以Course Signals和WISE+c-Rater为例,分析了以机器学习为核心的学习分析系统和适应性指导系统的自动化方法。人工智能教育应用受限于人工智能技术的常识与符号接地、迁移等难题,智能教学系统则存在设计、开发与迁移、生态化应用、识别与评价等难题。总体上,在教育领域依托人工智能技术实现的自动化程度还很有限,增强教师的设计比替代教师的设计更具现实可能性。
引用
收藏
页码:1 / 13+92 +92
页数:14
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