A complex system consists of many interacting parts that,through non-linear interactions,emerge with collective characteristics that individual parts do not have.Typical examples of complex systems are condensed matter systems,ecosystems,stock markets,economies,biological evolution,human societies,etc.Since the 1980s,substantial progress has been made in the study of complex systems through interdisciplinary research in physics,biology,computer simulation,and other fields.However,complex systems science is still a new discipline,