社会脆弱性:灾害社会学研究的新范式

被引:50
|
作者
周利敏 [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] 广州大学公共管理学院社会学系
[2] 复旦大学社会发展与公共政策学院
关键词
灾害; 灾害社会学; 自然脆弱性; 社会脆弱性;
D O I
暂无
中图分类号
X43 [自然灾害及其防治];
学科分类号
摘要
社会脆弱性是指社会群体、组织或国家暴露在灾害冲击下潜在的受灾因素、受伤害程度及应对能力的大小。它有三个主要讨论面向,即脆弱性是一种灾前既存的条件、是灾害调适与因应能力、是一个特定地点的灾害程度;有两个基本研究命题,"灾害风险不平等命题"与"社会分化命题"。而将社会脆弱性评估模型具体化为空间整合模型、灾害周期模型、微观与宏观模型及函数关系模型,目的在于能真正确认社会中最脆弱的群体和体现出预测的特质,真正了解灾害中不同群体应对灾害风险能力的差异,真正为防灾与减灾规划提供有针对性建议。然而,毋庸讳言,这一研究范式也存在着"技术决定论"、"结构式减灾"及难以量化等一些局限。
引用
收藏
页码:20 / 28
页数:9
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