Technical Challenges and Breakthroughs in the Development of High-Efficiency DC-TENGs

TENGs has emerged as a promising technology for capturing sustainable and renewable energy from mechanical sources in the environment. Of all TENG options, DC-TENGs are especially important for their ability to provide consistent and effective energy generation, particularly in fields like the Internet of Things (IoT). This article gives a thorough overview of the present status of DC-TENG technology, concentrating on mechanisms, material advancements, design setups, energy control systems, technical obstacles, advances in effectiveness, and examples demonstrating practical uses. The article highlights major progress, such as creating advanced materials with strong triboelectric polarity, using surface nanostructuring methods, and combining various energy harvesting systems. Prominent issues like maximizing charge density, guaranteeing material longevity, and reducing environmental harm are dealt with as well, leading to interdisciplinary research paths for further advancement. Case studies show how high-efficiency DC-TENGs have been successfully used in wearable electronics, environmental monitoring, and IoT devices. In general, this review emphasizes the promise of DC-TENGs as a viable energy solution and offers guidance for future research to further develop this groundbreaking technology