Fresh and hardened properties of cementitious grouts incorporating fly ash and artificial interior stone sludge

This study explored the impact of incorporating fly ash, a coal combustion by-product, and artificial interior stone (AIS) sludge, a waste product from stone manufacturing, into cement grouts. The goal was to improve grout properties by using fly ash as a binder and AIS sludge as a filler. Key parameters such as fluidity, penetration resistance, bleeding, density, compressive strength, and microstructural characteristics were assessed. The findings showed that adding fly ash and AIS sludge improved workability, setting time, and bleeding while significantly enhancing compressive strength. Microstructural analysis revealed reduced porosity, refined pore size, and improved microstructure.