Career Guidance in Basic Vocational Training Programs. A Systematic Review

The reform of vocational training systems has entailed the implementation of policies aimed at improving their quality and equity, including the promotion of career guidance for the prevention of early school leaving among students in vulnerable situations, such as those enrolled in basic vocational training programs. The aim of this study is to find out the implications of guidance, within the context of basic vocational training programs, for preventing school dropout and fostering the inclusion of students enrolled in these courses. To do so, a systematic review has been carried out, following the PRISMA methodology. Primary studies were searched in two databases (WoS and Scopus), and twenty-two publications that met the established eligibility criteria were analyzed. The descriptive and narrative analysis of the data focused on the general, substantive, methodological and extrinsic characteristics of the studies. Results report on the organisation and operation of basic vocational training programs, career guidance processes, drop-out prevention and the development of career management skills of vulnerable students. We conclude by highlighting the need to promote research and intervention processes from a socio-community and lifelong guidance approach and to encourage the personalisation of guidance processes that allow for greater levels of socio-occupational integration in the most vulnerable groups.