A voltage mode grounded capacitance multiplier with widely tunable gain for ultra-low cutoff frequency filter

A voltage mode capacitance multiplier for ultra-low frequency physiological signal processing is designed with a circuit model. With the proposed multiplier, a filter can achieve a cutoff frequency of 12 mHz with a 1 pF basic capacitance and a 10 k Omega resistor. The corresponding multiplication factor will be 1.35 x 109. By changing the controlling terminal, the multiplication factor can be widely tuned from 1950 to 1.35 x 109 and the corresponding filter cutoff frequency will be from 12 mHz to 8.15 kHz. According to the circuit model, to further increase the multiplication factor to decrease the chip area, more multiplication stages can be added to the feedback loop.