In a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV), the laser Doppler effect is used to real-time acquire target displacement, velocity, and acceleration. Fiber optic laser vibrometers have received widespread attention in recent years due to their strong environmental adaptability and high integration advantages. With the expansion of detection target distance, higher requirements have been put forward for the measurement resolution of laser vibrometers. The LDV system typically employs a transceiver integrated telescope structure for laser emission and target return light reception. The aperture and focal length of the transceiver telescope determine its basic structure, directly affecting the emission and reception efficiency of laser energy. Additionally, the speckle effect generated by the scattering of rough targets affects the coupling of light energy entering the fiber optic for interference, thereby influencing the LDV measurement resolution. Based on relevant theories such as Gaussian beam waist transmission, rough target generation, Fresnel diffraction integration, and fiber optic coupling, a transceiver integrated fiber optic laser vibrometer optical field transmission model is established. Numerical simulation and analysis of the emission transmission process of ideal Gaussian laser and the coupling process of surface target echo reception are conducted. Based on the assumption of laser vibrometer speckle noise limitation, an evaluation scheme for the instrument's noise baseline under rough target return light conditions is proposed. Numerical simulation experiments are conducted for a typical fiber LDV application scenario with an alignment distance of 1 km, a single-mode fiber mode field radius of 5 mu m, and a laser wavelength of 1550 nm. The results indicate that the focal length and aperture of the transceiver telescope determine the distribution of system energy utilization and further affect the instrument's noise baseline. Simulation results show that when the F-number of the transceiver lens reaches 3.3, LDV achieves the highest system energy utilization at this focal length, verifying the correctness of the simulation model. The simulation results can serve as a basis for the design of transceiver lenses for fiber optic laser vibrometers, laser anemometers, and other devices.
