The purpose of this study was to ascertain the impact infra-low-frequency neurofeedback (ILF NFB), a new paradigm in the field, has on post-concussive symptoms of headache, sleep and attention disorders experienced by combat Veterans. Background: ILF NFB, a non-invasive integrative health intervention, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating several physical and psychological conditions, including headaches, dysregulated sleep, and attentional dysfunctions. Given that 20-40 % of combat Veterans who experienced concussions during recent military operations suffer chronically from these disorders, this study aims to determine whether ILF NFB might be an effective treatment option. Methods: Eighty-seven participants were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial, with 36 completing the intervention (Twenty 1/2-hour sessions of ILF NFB and 4 assessment sessions) and 38 completing the control procedures (8 weekly 15-minute health related discussions and 4 assessment sessions). Both groups continued treatment as usual throughout participation in study. Data were analyzed on intent to treat principle. Results: Eighty-six percent of the participants were male and 14 % female, mean age was 45 for both groups. When comparing baseline to end of treatment measures, findings were clinically and statistically significant for headache (<0.0001), sleep (<0.0001) and attention (0.0022). Additional variables of interest were also significantly improved following ILF NFB, including quality of life (p < .0001), depressive symptoms (p < .0001), and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (p = .0001). Conclusion: ILF NFB holds promise to be a safe and effective intervention for those who suffer with post-concussive symptoms of chronic headache, sleep, and attention disorders.
