Image-Based Analysis of Plate Separation and Clearance Distribution in Wet Clutches

A fundamental understanding of wet clutches' drag loss behavior is essential for designing efficient clutch systems. It has been widely recognized that the separation behavior immediately after disengaging the clutch and the resulting clearance distribution influence the drag loss behavior. However, these influencing factors have yet to be systematically investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of plate separation and clearance distribution on drag loss behavior under different operating conditions and modes. For this purpose, image series of an operating clutch system were recorded and subsequently analyzed using image processing algorithms to evaluate the movements of the plates. Based on this, the effects on drag loss behavior were analyzed. The investigations were carried out on a clutch system used in an industrial application. The measurements show that the axial movements of the plates comprise main and superimposed non-periodic movements of much a smaller amplitude. The separation of the plates is primarily driven by the applied differential speed so that the set total clearance is only utilized mainly in the higher differential speed range. The separation behavior, therefore, decisively influences the drag loss behavior. The plates can even remain in contact in the low differential speed range. The investigations also showed that the separation behavior and, thus, the drag loss behavior can be improved by using waved plates, especially in the low differential speed range. It was also found that a high plate number and a large set total clearance support a non-uniform clearance distribution. Based on the investigations conducted, it is possible to expand our fundamental knowledge of separation behavior and clearance distribution, allowing for a reduction in the drag losses of wet clutches. The findings can thus contribute to the development of low-loss and compact clutch systems.