Photocatalytic activity of green fabricated CuO bionanoparticles using Tridax procumbens leaves extracted in divergent medium with antimicrobial facets

In the proposed approach, copper oxide (CuO) bionanoparticles (BNPs) were fabricated using a facile and green synthetic pathway using Tridax procumbens leaves involved in divergent medium and were employed for the degradation of hazardous toxic dyes like methylene blue (MB), brilliant green (BG), and rhodamine B (RhB). The alkaloids, carotenoids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, polyphenols, and tannins were investigated by water-involved leaf CuO (W) and ethanol-involved leaf extract CuO (E) by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. XRD analysis showed the formation of CuO BNPs and confirmed the monoclinic crystalline nature with no impurity. The existence of CuO BNPs was revealed by a characteristic FTIR band and XEDS analysis. SEM analysis for the identification of particles surface morphology showed spherical and sizes range from 35.62 to 79.2 nm. The different morphologies of CuO(W) and CuO(E) BNPs lead to the optical direct bandgap of 2.18 eV and 1.63 eV and the optical indirect bandgap of 1.91 eV and 1.84 eV, which were obtained, and the evolution of the catalytic activity was controlled by utilizing UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. Further CuO BNPs were assessed for the antimicrobial effects of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), and fungi (Aspergillus flavus), and in these segments, better antimicrobial properties were clearly detected. When we exposed the dyes MB, BG, and Rh B, which are significant water pollutants generated by the textile industry, we found that the water-involved leaf of CuO (W) had a higher photodegradation rate than the ethanol-involved leaf extract of CuO (E). The context of the procured outcomes indicates that the CuO BNPs are highly efficient for utilization in photodegradation.