Utilizing Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Early Detection of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy Outcomes in an Asian Population

OBJECTIVE We explored the potential value of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in early pregnancy in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy outcomes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study recruited 103 multiethnic Asian pregnant women with overweight or obesity from a hospital-based, prospective cohort. All of them had worn blinded CGM devices in early pregnancy and underwent the universal GDM screening at 24-28 gestation weeks. Models were selected based on early pregnancy risk factors and CGM-derived parameters to compare their respective predictive values for GDM and pregnancy outcomes.RESULTS Eighteen GDM cases were ascertained. CGM-derived novel parameters demonstrated greater performance (e.g., area under the curve: 0.953 vs. 0.722) for predicting incident GDM compared with the model using traditional risks. Such novel CGM-derived parameters significantly differentiated primary cesarean and large-for-gestational age babies.CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest CGM's potential clinical utility in the first trimester for predicting GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes, particularly in individuals with overweight or obesity.