Colombian economic development since the beginning of the 20th century

This article analyses Colombia's achievements in economic growth since the beginning of the 20th century, the evolution of public policies that contributed to achieving them, and the main effects on social development and regional inequalities. Economic performance is divided into three periods: 1905-1929, 1930-1980, and 1981-2023. The first was characterized by coffee expansion, a boom in investment in physical infrastructure, and the beginning of oil exploitation. The second saw industrial development consolidate and agricultural production and exports diversified. The last was characterized by the combination of a State with greater provision of social services and a promoter of decentralization, and the liberalization of foreign trade and the financial system. Its economic results were deindustrialization, export reprimarization, the main product of which was oil, and greater macroeconomic volatility.