Biohydrogen as a renewable energy source: production technologies, feedstock efficiency, and applications in agriculture

This review examines biohydrogen's potential as a renewable energy source, focusing on production technologies, feedstock efficiency, and agricultural applications. Key technologies include dark fermentation, which has been identified as an efficient, environmentally friendly process for biohydrogen production from organic waste and agricultural residues. The study highlights the benefits of biohydrogen for sustainable agriculture, including reduced carbon emissions and energy efficiency. Quantitative data supports biohydrogen's role in decarbonizing agriculture, particularly in energy-intensive activities like irrigation and soil preparation. The findings suggest that biohydrogen can be sustainably integrated into agricultural systems, providing a circular economy solution by converting waste into high-energy, lowemission fuel.