Hydrodynamic characteristics around offshore pipelines and oscillatory pore pressures in sand beds under combined random wave and current loads

This paper experimentally investigates the wave pressure and pore pressure within a sandy seabed around two pipelines under the action of random waves (currents). The experiments revealed that when the random wave plus current cases are compared with the random wave-only case, the forward current promotes wave propagation, whereas the reversed backward current inhibits wave propagation. Furthermore, the wave pressure on the downstream pipeline decreases as the relative spacing ratio increases and increases as the diameter increases. However, alterations in the relative spacing ratio or dimensions of the downstream pipeline exert a negligible influence on the wave pressure of the upstream pipeline. Moreover, the relative spacing ratio between the pipelines and the dimensions of the pipelines considerably influence the pore pressure in the sand bed. When the relative spacing ratio remains constant, increasing the downstream pipeline diameter will increase the pore-water pressure of the soil below the downstream pipeline.