Climate change impact and adaptation options in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

A detailed understanding of the impact of climate change and the development of effective adaptation options are vital for Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where agriculture is crucial in sustaining livelihoods. In this context, we analyzed 81 peer-reviewed articles to provide scientific evidence on the effects of climate change and adaptation options in SSA. The findings reveal that climate change substantially affects agricultural practices, leading to crop failures, livestock losses, and water scarcity. These challenges exacerbate food insecurity, economic difficulties, displacement of rural communities, and increasing prices, all of which significantly affect farmers' incomes. In response, substantial farmers in SSA have adopted resilient crops and innovative water and soil management, diversified income streams, and implementing climate-smart agricultural practices. However, it is essential to acknowledge that economic, social, environmental, and cultural barriers may impede these efforts. In conclusion, planning and implementation must consider these factors, and involving multiple stakeholders is crucial. This approach is essential for reducing the impact of climate change on agriculture and ensuring the sustainability of the adaptation options in SSA.