Influence of levitation bogie structure aerodynamic loads on the dynamic performance of 600 km/h EMS maglev train

As the operating speed of EMS high-speed maglev trains increases to 600 km/h, aerodynamic effects significantly impact running safety and stability. However, most studies considering aerodynamic loads by applying them to the carbody's mass center, overlooking the aerodynamic loads effects on bogie structures, such as skirt boards and levitation/guiding electromagnets. This study examines the dynamic performance of a Chinese 600 km/h maglev train. An aerodynamic model of a three-car trainset was developed to simulate running conditions at 600 km/h, both in open-line and tunnel scenarios. Aerodynamic loads on skirt boards, levitation, and guidance electromagnets were innovatively analyzed and applied to a maglev train dynamics model considering the skirt board. The findings reveal that aerodynamic loads on the levitation bogie at the train's front and rear are most significant, with lift and lateral forces posing potential running safety risks. During open-line operation, these loads exert minimal impact. However, in tunnels running condition, significant fluctuations occur during entry and pressure wave interactions, increasing dynamic responses and potentially compromising safety and levitation stability, and even bring levitation instability problem.