Effectiveness of muscle energy technique in improvement of hamstring-related athletic performance: a systematic review

BackgroundMuscle energy technique (MET) is a manual therapy that utilizes a patient's muscle energy to promote relaxation and lengthening of muscles. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of MET in enhancing hamstring flexibility and its impact on athletic performance. In addition, it compares the effectiveness of MET with Hamstring Nordic Lower (HNL) training in addressing hamstring tightness and improving agility in young athletes.MethodsA systematic search of databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library, was conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until March 2022. A triple-blinded randomized controlled trial was also analyzed, focusing on young athletes with hamstring tightness. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool, and data were synthesized for meta-analysis.ResultsNineteen RCTs involving 949 participants were included in the systematic review. MET significantly improved hamstring flexibility compared to static stretching and control groups. The comparative analysis indicated that post-facilitation stretch (PFS) showed the most significant improvement in hamstring flexibility and agility, followed by post-isometric relaxation (PIR), while HNL training showed the least effectiveness.ConclusionsMET, particularly PFS and PIR, is a highly effective intervention for enhancing hamstring flexibility and athletic performance. Compared to HNL training, MET offers superior benefits, making it a valuable tool in athletic training and rehabilitation. Further high-quality studies with standardized protocols are needed to validate these findings across diverse athletic populations and clinical settings.