The topographical anatomy of the posterior auricular artery: a computed tomography angiography analysis with implications for reconstructive surgery

Background: The anatomy of the posterior auricular artery (PAA) is highly variable and relevant in various plastic and reconstructive procedures. Materials and methods: The results of 55 consecutive patients who underwent head and neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) were analysed. A total of 78 hemifaces were evaluated. The analysis has been performed in 19 categories. Results: Median PAA length was found to be 47.59 mm (LQ = 32.75; HQ = = 56.16). The median PAA diameter (at its origin) was established at 2.55 mm (LQ = = 2.29; HQ = 2.90). Moreover, the median PAA cross-sectional area (at its origin) was set to be 3.22 mm (LQ = 2.49; HQ = 4.13). Sexual dimorphism regarding all of the measured parameters was also evaluated. Statisticallysignificant differences (p <= 0.05) were found in 13 of the measured categories. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated the complete anatomy of the PAA. The most frequent origin of the said artery was from the ECA, and its mean length was 45.07 mm; which did not differ significantly between males and females (p > 0.05). Moreover, we have provided surgeons with tools to localize this artery pre- and intraoperatively using simple landmarks, namely the apex of the mastoid process and the centre of the external acoustic meatus. The exact position of the origin of the PAA was also demonstrated by a heat map of the auricular region. Our findings have the potential to assist surgeons in developing a mental visualization of the arterial anatomy of the retroauricular region. This visualization can be instrumental in precisely identifying the location of the PAA during reconstructive surgeries, thereby minimizing complications and enhancing surgical outcomes. (Folia Morphol 2024; 83, 3: 647-655)