Advancing Neem's Role in Environmental Sustainability: Genetic Potential and Industrial Applications

The neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), a versatile tree native to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, is widely recognized for its applications in environmental protection, pest control, and medicine. This review examines neem's genetic potential, its role in reducing environmental pollution, and its use in agroforestry and industrial applications. Despite its broad utility, neem's potential remains underutilized due to technological and financial constraints, particularly the lack of high-yielding cultivars with increased azadirachtin content. Advances in breeding, genetic modification, and biotechnology are crucial for maximizing neem's contributions in environmental and industrial fields, while promoting sustainable organic farming and reforestation practices.