Vegetation health evolution and erosion impacts in the Upper Oueltana region (Morocco): An NDVI-based analysis

The article explores the evolution of vegetation health in the upstream Oueltana region through the analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) between 1984 and 2016. The NDVI, calculated from satellite images, shows a general trend of declining vegetation activity despite seasonal and annual fluctuations. This degradation is primarily attributed to the overexploitation of forests and unsustainable agricultural practices such as deforestation and overgrazing. Water erosion, exacerbated by the reduction in vegetation cover, is identified as a major consequence of these human activities. The highly rugged terrain of the region is particularlyvulnerable to this phenomenon, affecting soil fertility and water quality. Inadequate agricultural practices, such as intensive plowing and fallowing, further aggravate this problem by reducing infiltration and increasing runoff. Local farmers have adopted adaptation strategies, such as the cultivation of fruit trees and the construction of terraces, to mitigate the effects of erosion and improve water resource management. However, these efforts face challenges such as high maintenance costs and rural depopulation, limiting their long-term effectiveness. The article highlights the importance ofsustainable agricultural policies and practices to preserve the ecological health of the region, emphasizing the need for integrated natural resource management and increased community participation to enhance resilience in the face of growing environmental challenges.