Evaluating Gait Abnormalities in Asian Elephants Using Inertial Measurement Unit-Based Vertical Movement Symmetry Analysis: A Pilot Study

The early detection of lameness in elephants is essential for effective treatment and welfare enhancement, but subtle gait abnormalities are often difficult to identify visually. This study aimed to evaluate vertical movement symmetry in Asian elephants using cross-correlation analysis of data from inertial measurement units (IMUs). Six elephants were assessed, including individuals with normal gait and one exhibiting an abnormal gait. IMU sensors were attached to the proximal and distal segments of the forelimbs and hindlimbs to record vertical movements during straight-line walking. Cross-correlation coefficients were calculated to quantify the symmetry between the left and right limbs, providing an objective measure of gait patterns. This method provided an objective assessment of gait patterns and demonstrated potential in detecting lameness in elephants. This approach could facilitate the early identification of gait abnormalities, enabling timely interventions and potentially improving treatment outcomes and the welfare of captive elephant populations. Further studies involving a larger number of elephants with confirmed gait abnormalities are necessary to validate the robustness and reliability of this approach.