Optimization of the thermoforming process for straw-based biodegradable materials through biological mechanical processing and simulation

Biomass materials offer a sustainable raw material option for the pulp and paper industry due to their renewable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly properties. This research examines the thermoforming technology applicable to biomass materials, investigating the potential for converting them into high-value products. The papermaking process of straw was optimized using the Biological Mechanical Processing (BMP) method, and an intelligent forming machine for straw-based materials using the BMP method was designed for experimental research. Simulations were conducted using Abaqus software to investigate the mechanical behavior of straw fibers during the compression process and to optimize the thermoforming process parameters. The experimental results indicated that the straw-based sheets made at a thermoforming temperature of 150 degrees C exhibited optimal surface characteristics, microstructure, and mechanical properties, along with excellent biodegradability. The consistency between the simulation and experimental results validated the accuracy of the model, indicating that 150 degrees C is the optimal thermoforming temperature for straw-based sheets. The BMP method has significant advantages in enhancing the mechanical properties of straw-based sheets, maintaining the uniformity and structural stability of the straw-based biodegradable materials, providing a theoretical basis and technical support for the thermoforming process of straw-based materials.