The impact of new-generation FTAs on gender equality in Vietnam: a legal approach to implementing the ILO Convention No. 111

This research critically evaluates the extent to which new-generation FTAs effectively facilitate the engagement and enforcement of the gender discrimination principles stipulated in the Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (C111), within Vietnam's national labour context. By employing legal analysis method to examine Vietnam's labour law provisions, the study finds that, although commitments to new FTAs have facilitated the integration of C111 into domestic laws, gender inequality continues to persist in both legislation and the labour market, where women remain disadvantaged. To address this deficiency, Vietnam's legal framework should adopt a transformative approach by investing in male-targeted policies. Since this strategy challenges normative gender stereotypes about labour division, it emerges as a potential tool to tackle entrenched gender inequality, thereby enabling Vietnam to fulfil its commitments to both C111 and the labour standards requirements of new FTAs. The significance of this study lies not only in offering a closer examination of the effectiveness of sustainable development clauses integrated into new FTAs but also in enriching the discourse on the role of men in securing gender equality.