Susac Syndrome: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Diagnosis and Management with an Emphasis on Ophthalmic Involvement

BackgroundSusac syndrome is a rare autoimmune microangiopathy that affects the small vessels of the retina, brain, and inner ear, leading to a characteristic triad of encephalopathy, branch retinal artery occlusions, and sensorineural hearing loss. The syndrome often presents diagnostic challenges due to its overlapping symptoms with other conditions. Immunosuppressive therapies remain the cornerstone of treatment.MethodsA retrospective review of the literature from PubMed (1998-2024).ResultsSpecial emphasis is placed on the role of ophthalmologists, who play a pivotal role in the diagnostic process. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the disease, focusing on the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic process, and treatment approaches.ConclusionBy highlighting the role of ophthalmologists in recognizing and managing Susac Syndrome, this review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to improve outcomes in this complex, multisystem disease.